I am an interdisciplinary scholar studying historical international relations, international order, and international organizations and global governance. My research focuses on historical international orders and the dynamics and outcomes of encounters between them, international practices, and the implications of institutional overlap.

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My dissertation and book-project-in-progress analyzes European embassies to China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to explain how polities embedded in distinct international orders manage their differences. I take an approach to international order rooted in practice theory to argue that such system encounters played an important role in the mutual constitution and consolidation of historical international orders in East Asia and Europe. I draw on published collections of primary sources and the work of historians to reconstruct the meaning of diplomatic practices in system encounters. Currently, I am also working on two stand-alone manuscripts that deal with different aspects of this project. Other works in progress focus on the conditions under which institutional overlap in contemporary global governance produces new rules and norms.